ABSTRACT
Subject(s)
Arteries , Ciliary Arteries , Prognosis , Retinal Artery Occlusion , Retinal Artery , Retrospective Studies , Tomography, Optical Coherence , Visual Acuity , Visual FieldsABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: Retinal artery occlusion can lead to sudden visual loss without pain. The acute management of retinal artery occlusion remains unresolved. CASE REPORT: A 65-year-old male was hospitalized to an emergency room for visual loss on the left side within 6 hours of onset. Combined occlusion at retinal artery and ciliary artery was confirmed by an ophthalmologist and we assessed ophthalmic artery occlusion. However, MRA revealed no significant steno-occlusion of internal carotid artery. Transfemoral cerebral angiography was carried out immediately and showed a movable thrombus at the orifice of the ophthalmic artery. We decided on endovascular thrombectomy to prevent permanent visual loss. Finally, his visual acuity was improved after successful thrombectomy. CONCLUSIONS: Although MRA is intact, small thrombus right at the orifice of the ophthalmic artery can cause a sudden monocular visual loss due to occlusion of the retinal artery. In this setting, urgent endovascular thrombectomy can offer visual improvement.
Subject(s)
Aged , Humans , Male , Blindness , Carotid Artery, Internal , Cerebral Angiography , Ciliary Arteries , Emergency Service, Hospital , Ophthalmic Artery , Retinal Artery , Retinal Artery Occlusion , Thrombectomy , Thrombosis , Visual AcuityABSTRACT
PURPOSE: To assess the usefulness of two spectral domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) instruments (Cirrus(R), Spectralis(R)) for evaluating optic nerve head and peripapillary structures. METHODS: Images of optic nerve complex were obtained from 136 eyes of 136 patients using enhanced depth imaging technique of 2 SD-OCT instruments. Optic nerve head and peripapillary structures were investigated for their visibility and morphological features in total eyes and glaucomatous eyes. Effect factors for laminar thickness measurement were evaluated and the reproducibility of the lamina cribrosa thickness measured by the 2 OCT instruments was analyzed. RESULTS: Lamina cribrosa thickness was better identified using Spectralis(R) OCT in total and glaucomatous eyes. Short posterior ciliary artery (in total eyes) and peripapillary choroid (in total and glaucomatous eyes) were also better identified using Spectralis(R) OCT (p < 0.001). A cup-disc ratio < or = 0.6 was the significant effect factor for laminar thickness measurement (p < 0.05). Interobserver reproducibility was excellent using both OCT instruments. Intraobserver reproducibility was excellent using Spectralis(R) OCT and moderate using Cirrus(R) OCT. CONCLUSIONS: Spectralis(R) OCT was better for visualizing optic nerve head and peripapillary structures and showed better reproducibility than Cirrus(R) OCT. Thus, the Spectralis(R) may be helpful for detecting and understanding features of the optic nerve complex.
Subject(s)
Humans , Choroid , Ciliary Arteries , Glaucoma , Optic Disk , Optic Nerve , Tomography, Optical CoherenceABSTRACT
No abstract available.
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Young Adult , Angiogenesis Inhibitors/therapeutic use , Bevacizumab/therapeutic use , Choroid/blood supply , Ciliary Arteries/pathology , Fluorescein Angiography , Intravitreal Injections , Ischemia/drug therapy , Meningeal Neoplasms/surgery , Meningioma/surgery , Neurosurgical Procedures/adverse effects , Retinal Detachment/drug therapy , Subretinal Fluid , Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A/antagonists & inhibitors , Visual Acuity/physiologyABSTRACT
En permanencia, ninguna técnica para la fijación de la elevación ciliar en la frontoplastia ha demostrado de manera concluyente ser la mejor. Se han propuesto con sutura o tornillos tratando de que los resultados perduren. Se muestra la experiencia con estos dos métodos, con seguimiento a doce meses. Materiales y métodos: se practicó frontoplastia a 17 pacientes con elevación ciliar en un periodo de un año con seguimiento a tres meses en su totalidad y a doce en tres de ellos. En siete se utilizó fijación con tornillos, nueve con sutura y uno no se usó material de fijación. Método descriptivo prospectivo de serie de casos con mediciones mediante fotogrametría estandarizada. Resultados: ninguno tuvo recurrencia de la ptosis ciliar y todos refirieron satisfacción con el resultado. Conclusiones: en el seguimiento a doce meses no se evidenciaron recurrencias ni complicaciones Las características metodológicas del estudio no permiten dar recomendaciones, pero si crear la base para seguimiento a largo plazo con un mayor número de pacientes...
As related to permanency, no technique for brow lift fixation has conclusively demonstrated to be the best one. The use of sutures and screws, have been proposed, seeking results to remain. Experience with these two techniques is shown in this work through a 12-month follow-up. Materials and Methods: a frontoplasty with brow lift was practiced in 17 patients over a 1-year period conducting a 3-month follow-up to the whole group and a 12-month follow-up in 3 patients. Screw fixation was practiced in 7, suture fixation in 9 and no fixation material was used in one patient. Method: descriptive prospective case series using standardized photogrammetry measurements. Results: none had brow ptosis recurrence and all patients stated to be satisfied with the results. Conclusions: no recurrence or complications were evidenced at 12-month follow-up. Methodology characteristics of the study do not allow recommendations to be posed but allow the creation of a long-term follow-up basis including a larger number of patients...
Subject(s)
Humans , Eyebrows , Forehead , Surgery, Plastic , Ciliary Arteries , LiftingSubject(s)
Anticoagulants/adverse effects , Ciliary Arteries/pathology , Humans , Letter , Infarction/etiology , Letter , Infarction/etiology , Retinal Artery/pathology , Retinal Vein Occlusion/complications , Retinal Vein Occlusion/etiology , Retinal Artery/pathology , Retinal Vein Occlusion/complications , Retinal Vein Occlusion/etiologyABSTRACT
Cocaine is used to produce a euphoric effect by abusers, who may be unaware of the devastating systemic and ocular side effects of this drug. We describe the first known case of cilioretinal artery occlusion after intranasal cocaine abuse.
Subject(s)
Acetazolamide/administration & dosage , Administration, Oral , Ciliary Arteries , Cocaine/poisoning , Cocaine-Related Disorders/complications , Diagnosis, Differential , Female , Fluorescein Angiography , Follow-Up Studies , Fundus Oculi , Humans , Infusions, Intravenous , Mannitol/administration & dosage , Massage/methods , Retinal Artery Occlusion/chemically induced , Retinal Artery Occlusion/diagnosis , Retinal Artery Occlusion/therapy , Visual Acuity , Visual Field Tests , Visual Fields , Young AdultABSTRACT
PURPOSE: Nonarteritic anterior ischemic optic neuropathy (NAION) is believed to result from inadequate blood supply to the posterior ciliary arteries. To date, NAION in a patient with acute angle-closure glaucoma (AACG) has been reported in only two studies in the English literature. Thus, the authors report a case of NAION following AACG in a Korean patient. CASE SUMMARY: A 59-year-old woman presented with a three-day history of acute ocular pain and decreased vision in her right eye; visual acuity was hand movement and the intraocular pressure (IOP) was 66 mm Hg in the right eye. Slit-lamp examination of the patient's right eye revealed diffuse corneal edema, shallow anterior chamber, and mid-dilated pupil. Gonioscopy revealed a grade 0 angle in the right eye, and a relative afferent pupillary defect was noted. Fundus photography showed disc hemorrhage and swelling of the optic disc. Fluorescein angiography demonstrated hyperfluorescence of the optic disc due to leakage. Visual evoked potential of the right eye at the initial visit showed a decreased amplitude of P100 compared with that of the left eye. A diagnosis of NAION following AACG was made. Laser iridotomy was successfully performed to the right eye. Two months later, IOP decreased from 66 to 21 mm Hg. However, visual acuity remained as hand movement and fundus examination revealed a pale optic disc. CONCLUSIONS: NAION following AACG may be attributed to an acute IOP rise with resultant perfusion pressure decrease in the vessels which supply the optic nerve. The result obtained from the patient in the present study indicates that evaluation for NAION should be considered in AACG cases.
Subject(s)
Female , Humans , Middle Aged , Anterior Chamber , Ciliary Arteries , Corneal Edema , Evoked Potentials, Visual , Eye , Fluorescein Angiography , Glaucoma, Angle-Closure , Gonioscopy , Hand , Hemorrhage , Intraocular Pressure , Optic Nerve , Optic Neuropathy, Ischemic , Patient Rights , Perfusion , Photography , Pupil , Pupil Disorders , Vision, Ocular , Visual AcuityABSTRACT
Color Doppler imaging (CDI) was carried out to evaluate the effects of anti-glaucoma drugs on ophthalmic circulation using CDI-derived resistive index (RI) values. CDI was performed on nine Beagle dogs, and RI values were calculated for the medial long posterior ciliary artery before and after the administration of anti-glaucoma drugs. A significant increase in RI values was found after topical administration of levobunolol (p < 0.05) or dipivefrin (p < 0.05). Pilocarpine showed no effects on RI values after topical administration. The results suggest that some anti-glaucoma drugs could affect ophthalmic blood flow.
Subject(s)
Animals , Dogs , Female , Male , Adrenergic Agonists/pharmacology , Ciliary Arteries/drug effects , Epinephrine/analogs & derivatives , Eye/blood supply , Glaucoma/drug therapy , Levobunolol/therapeutic use , Ocular Physiological Phenomena , Pilocarpine/therapeutic use , Vascular ResistanceABSTRACT
PURPOSE: To report an unusual case of anterior ischemic optic neuropathy and choroidal ischemia after injection of autologous fat into the periorbital region due to embolism of the short posterior ciliary artery without involving the retinal artery. CASE SUMMARY: A 39-year-old female presented with sudden blurred vision, diplopia and ptosis of her left eye immediately after receiving an autologous fat injection into the periorbital area. The first ophthalmologic examination revealed that the patient s left eye had decreased visual acuity, relative afferent pupillary defect, exotropia, and hypertropia. Fundus examination of the left eye showed disc edema. Fluorescein angiography showed multiple choroidal vascular filling defects at the early phase and wedge-shaped or geographic fluorescein staining at the superior, inferior, and temporal peripheral areas at late phase. Humphrey visual field test results disclosed an inferior visual field defect. On the follow-up visit after oral steroid therapy (prednisolone 30 mg) for 7 days, diplopia disappeared and visual acuity recovered to 1.0. The inferior visual field defect and relative afferent pupillary defect were still present.
Subject(s)
Adult , Female , Humans , Choroid , Ciliary Arteries , Diplopia , Edema , Embolism , Exotropia , Eye , Fluorescein , Fluorescein Angiography , Follow-Up Studies , Ischemia , Optic Neuropathy, Ischemic , Pupil Disorders , Retinal Artery , Strabismus , Vision, Ocular , Visual Acuity , Visual Field Tests , Visual FieldsABSTRACT
The morphological features of the oviduct in the armadillo Chaetophractus villosus (Desmarest, 1804) were studied. In the simple columnar epithelium, ciliated cells, secretory cells, and cells of the bottom of the folds are described. The most remarkable findings are the increase in number of ciliated cells, when present, from the fimbriae to the uterus, being the isthmus practically lined by ciliated cells, and that secretory cells are more abundant in the apical zone of the ampulla and fimbriae, than in the isthmus. Morphological changes along the year in the different portions are described.
Se estudiaron las características morfológicas del oviducto del armadillo Chaetophractus villosus (Desmarest, 1804). En el epitelio, columnar simple, se describen células ciliadas, secretoras y células del fondo de los pliegues. Las células ciliadas, cuando están presentes, aumentan en número desde las fimbrias hacia el útero, estando el istmo prácticamente tapizado por células ciliadas, las células secretoras son más abundantes en la zona apical de la ampolla y en las fimbrias, que en el istmo. Se describen los cambios morfológicos en las diferentes porciones a lo largo del año.
Subject(s)
Adult , Animals , Armadillos/anatomy & histology , Armadillos/embryology , Armadillos/physiology , Fallopian Tubes/anatomy & histology , Fallopian Tubes/embryology , Fallopian Tubes/ultrastructure , Ciliary Arteries/anatomy & histology , Ciliary Arteries/growth & development , Ciliary Arteries/physiology , Ciliary Arteries/ultrastructure , Epithelium/anatomy & histology , Epithelium/growth & development , Epithelium/physiologySubject(s)
Humans , Female , Middle Aged , Cysts , Iris Diseases/diagnosis , Iris , Ciliary Arteries , Retinal Pigment EpitheliumABSTRACT
Objetivo: Avaliar a potencialidade de preservação da visão central pelas artérias ciliorretinianas. Métodos: Foram examinados 500 pacientes através de exame biomicroscópico de fundo de olho. A artéria ciliorretiniana (aCR) foi definida como presente em todos os pacientes que apresentassem artéria emergente do disco óptico ou próximo a sua margem com sua característica curvatura em cabo de bengala. A aCR com potencialidade de preservação da visão central foi definida como todas as aCR que tivessem dois ou mais diâmetros de disco óptico de comprimento. Conclusão: Dos pacientes estudados, a artéria ciliorretiniana estava presente dem 28,28 por cento dos casos. Em 16,66 por cento de todos os olhos e em 86,85 por cento dos olhos com artéria ciliorretiniana encontramos potencialidade de preservação da visão central pela artéria ciliorretiniana.
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Ciliary Arteries , Retinal Vessels , Eye , Vision, OcularABSTRACT
Objetivo: evaluar las características hemodinámicas de las arterias oftálmica (AO), central de la retina (ACR), y ciliares posteriores (ACP) nasal y temporal, en 20 ojos de 17 pacientes con síndrome isquémico ocular (SIO) por compromiso hemodinámico significativo de la arteria carótida interna extracraneana (estenosis mayor del 70 por ciento). Material y métodos: estudio prospectivo realizado desde enero de 1996 a marzo de 2000. Se realizaron 2741 Doppler de vasos de cuello. En 153 pacientes se registró estenosis carotídea mayor del 70 por ciento. En éste grupo de pacientes se estudiaron, con Doppler Duplex Color (DDC), las velocidades sistólica e índice de resistencia (IR) de las AO, ACR y ACP. Se encontraron 17 pacientes (20 ojos) con signos Doppler de SIO. Once pacientes fueron evaluados clínicamente y por funduscopía en Oftalmología. Resultados: se demostró disminución de las velocidades de flujo sistólico y diastólico, con aumento del IR en ACR y ACP homolateral a la lesión en todos los pacientes; en 3 pacientes el hallazgo fue bilateral. La AO mostró patrón de flujo colateral, en general con flujo invertido; sólo en un paciente fue de dirección anterógrada con hipoflujo, y en dos pacientes no fue hallada (se confirmó trombosis por angiografía digital). Sólo 3 pacientes mostraron signos por funduscopía. Dos de 3 pacientes con disección carotídea tuvieron repermeabilización completa al mes y revirtieron los síntomas y signos de SIO. Conclusión: el DDC cuantifica la hemodinamia en los ojos con SIO. La desaparición de los hallazgos de SIO en pacientes con repermeabilización de disección carotídea sugiere que el tratamiento de la enfermedad obstructiva carotídea podría mejorar el estado de la circulación orbitaria. El DDC precede los hallazgos clínicos. Sugerimos realizar DDC oftálmico como complemento del DVC en pacientes con enfermedad carotídea obstructiva
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Adult , Female , Middle Aged , Ophthalmic Artery , Blindness , Ciliary Arteries , Carotid Artery Diseases/pathology , Carotid Stenosis/complications , Retinal Artery , Carotid Artery, External/pathology , Carotid Artery, External , Carotid Artery, Internal/pathology , Carotid Artery, Internal , Ophthalmic Artery/anatomy & histology , Awards and Prizes , Blood Flow Velocity , Ciliary Arteries , Carotid Artery Diseases , Eye , Hemianopsia , Ischemia , Prospective Studies , Retinal Artery , Ultrasonography, Doppler, ColorABSTRACT
Neuropatia óptica isquêmica anterior (NOIA) com oclusão de artérias cilioretinianas secundária a linfoma é uma condição rara caracterizada por perda abrupta da visão, edema pálido da papila óptica e da retina na região papilomacular. Sua fiopatologia está associada principalmente a redução do fluxo sanguineo nas artérias ciliares posteriores curtas que irrigam a porção anterior do nervo óptico. O diagnóstico diferencial deve ser feito com infiltração linfomatosa do nervo óptico, bem como neuropatias tóxicas medicamentosas. Um caso de um portador de linfoma sistêmico há 2 anos com perda recente, súbita e total da visão de ambos os olhos é relatado, e ressaltado que a NOIA deve ser lembrada pelos clínicos diante de pacientes portadores de linfoma sistêmico. Oclusão bilateral da arteria cilioretiniana deve lembrar doença sistemica grave
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Aged , Ciliary Arteries/physiopathology , Lymphoma , Optic Neuropathy, Ischemic , Retinal Artery OcclusionABSTRACT
This study was performed to evaluate the effect of hematoma which often occurred during the strabismus surgery on the extraocular muscles. We created focal hematomas around the superior rectus mascles of three dogs by rupture of the anterior ciliary artery. One, two and four weeks after formation of the hematoma respectively, we resected the superior rectus muscles 7mm in length at the site of previous hematoma and histopathologic examination with a light microscope was performed. We could not find any specific pathologic change in the muscular fiber in one week after surgery. But, focal degeneration of the muscle fiber was found in that of two weeks and diffuse degeneration in that of four weeks after surgery. However, any fibrotic lesion was not found. The muscle degeneration may be caused by the pressure of hematoma and ischemia due to small arterial occlusion.
Subject(s)
Animals , Dogs , Ciliary Arteries , Hematoma , Ischemia , Muscles , Rupture , StrabismusABSTRACT
To study the morphological anatomy of ophthalmic artery and its branches in the Korean adults, the author dissected fifteen cadaver orbits, and reviewed fifty carotid angiograms and ten high resolution magnetic resonance images of orbit. In 8 of 15(53.3%) cadavers the ophthalmic artery arises at the upper medial circumference of the internal carotid artery in the cerebral portion of the intracranial cavity. The ophthalmic artery crosses over the optic verve in 21 of 25 cases(84.0%: Cadaver 11/15, Orbit MRI 10/10) and passes under the optic verve in 4 of 25 cases(16.0%: Cadaver 4/15, Orbit MRI(10/10). Average distance from its origin to its first branch was 21.9mm. The central retinal artery and medial posterior ciliary artery were identified its frist branch in 7 of 15 cases(46.7%). The tortuous central retinal artery courses forward inferior to the optic verve and mostly enters inferomedial side of the optic nerve in 9 of 15 cases(60.0%), penetrating into dural sheath at 13.0mm behind the globe. There were no significant difference in sexually or laterality(p>0.05). This result shares great deal of similarity with the previous reports(p>0.05).
Subject(s)
Adult , Humans , Cadaver , Carotid Artery, Internal , Ciliary Arteries , Magnetic Resonance Imaging , Ophthalmic Artery , Optic Nerve , Orbit , Retinal ArteryABSTRACT
To develop a new animal model for ischemia-reperfusion infury of the optic nerve in rabbits and to investigate the pattern of retinal ganglion cell apoptosis and bcl-2 staining in the model, occlusion of the posterior ciliary arteries for 2 hours and reperfusion were performed in one eye of thirty rabbits. In Group I(15 eyes), the optic nerve and the posterior ciliary arteries were tied while in Group II(15 eyes), the posterior ciliary arteries only were tied. The contralateral eyes received sham operation without occlusion. Following reperfusion of 24 hours(5 eyes), 48 hours(5 eyes), and 1 week(5 eyes), in each group respectively, both eyes were enucleated. TUNEL(TdT-mediated dUTP nick end labeling) staining for DNA fragmentation and bcl-2 immunohistochemical staining were done. The numbers of TUNEL-postitive ganglion cells were significantly increased at 24 and 48 hours in Group I and II compared to the control eyes(P<0.05). The numbers of TUNEL-positive ganglion cells in Group I were significantly larger than in Group II at 48 hours(p=0.01). Though the numbers of TUNEL-positive ganglion cells decreased progressively until 1 week, those in Group II at 1 week were still significantly larger than in control eyes(P=0.04), Which suggested the ischemia-reperfusion induced apoptosis of ganglion cell occurred at least until 1 week. Bcl-2 was stained strongly positive at the TUNEL-positive area and in Muller cells compared to the control eyes. The ischemia-reperfusion injury of the optic nerve induced apoptosis of retinal ganglion cell in the new animal model. The overexpressionof bcl-2 at the TUNEL-positive area and in Muller cells can be assumed to be a defense mechanism against retinal ganglion cell death by apoptosis under the ischemic condition. The results of this study will provide baseline data ganglion cell death.
Subject(s)
Rabbits , Apoptosis , Cell Death , Ciliary Arteries , DNA Fragmentation , Ependymoglial Cells , Ganglion Cysts , Models, Animal , Optic Nerve , Reperfusion , Reperfusion Injury , Retinal Ganglion Cells , RetinaldehydeABSTRACT
To evaluate the implication of vascular factor in normal tension glaucoma, authors performed color doppler imaging[CDI] for ophthalmic artery, central retinal artery and posterior ciliary artery in 21 eyes of 12 patients in normal tension glaucoma and 16 eyes of 11 patients in normal control group. We compared peak-systolic velocity[PSV], end-diastolic velocity[EDV], mean velocity[MV], resistance index[RI] and pulsatile index[PI] between the two groups. We evaluate the difference in parameters according to age, sex, systolic and diastolic blood pressure, past history of diabetes and hypertension, cup-disc ratio and visual field change. In normal tension glaucoma group, PSV, EDV and MV of ophthalmic artery and central retinal artery were significantly decreased and pulsatile index was significantly increased compared to those of normal group. Resistance index was also increased in normal tension glaucoma group, but statistically not significant. All parameters of posterior ciliary artery had no significant difference between the two groups. Age was related positively to pulsatile index and resistance index of central retianl artery and diastolic blood pressure was related positively to resistance index of ophthalmic artery. Cup-disc ratio was related negatively to PSV and EDV of ophthalmic artery. Above results imply that blood flow velocity decreased by increasing resistance factor in normal tension glaucoma, therefore local vascular factor might be related to the development of the normal tension glaucoma and affected by age, blood pressure and cup-disc ratio change.
Subject(s)
Humans , Arteries , Blood Flow Velocity , Blood Pressure , Ciliary Arteries , Hypertension , Low Tension Glaucoma , Ophthalmic Artery , Retinal Artery , Risk Factors , Visual FieldsABSTRACT
To evaluate the usefulness of indocyanine green (ICG) iris angiography in darkly pigmented iris and to investigate whether the anterior segment ischemia can be produced by tenotomies of two or more rectus muscles in rabbits, twenty one eyes of 21 pigmented rabbits wer divided into four groups according to the surgical procedures. Group I (2 eyes) underwent only conjunctival peritomy as a control. Group II (6 eyes), Group III (9 eyes), Group IV (4 eyes) underwent tenotomies of two, three and four rectus muscles, respectively. All these eyes underwent ICG iris angiography at pre-op, post-op 10 housrs, 3 days, 7 days and 14 days. In eight eyes of Group I and Group II, fluorescein iris angiography was taken simultaneously. The quality of fluorescein iris angiography was much lower in the pigmented iris and the interpretation was more difficult compared to ICG iris angiography. The peritomy (Group I) or tenotomies of two rectus muscles (Group II) produced no circulatory defect of the iris even after 10 hours postoperatively. After tenotomies of three rectus muscles (Group III) there were transient mild filling defects in superior or inferior sector of iris in 7 of 9 eyes. These defects lasted for 1 to 3 days. Tenotomies of four rectus muscles (Group IV) produced transient filling defects which lasted for 1 to 7 days. ICG iris angiography was suitable for the evaluation of anterior segment circulation in darkly pigmented iris, thus, it can be applied to the coriental brown iris. And in contrast to the previous concept that the rabbits iris arteries derive solely from the long posterior ciliary arteries, circulatory disturbance of iris, even though transient, could be produced by severance of rectus muscles.